Impact of Sucrose Consumption During Pregnancy on the Metabolic, Immune and Redox Profile in Females with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Carbohydrate consumption during pregnancy represents an important source of energy for the mother-child duo; its consumption, however, can cause gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), body weight gain, inflammation, increases glucose transport to the fetus, adiposity and the risk of macrosomia. The objective was to research the impact of sucrose consumption during pregnancy on the metabolic, immune and Redox profile in females with GDM. 24 female CD1 mice were used, they were divided into two groups: Control and DMG. Each group was subdivided into 2 subgroups: a) Without Sucrose and b) With Sucrose. The following were determined: Body Mass Index (BMI), Glycaemia, hormones (insulin, adiponectin and leptin), CD3+ T lymphocytes, cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α), IgA and IgG antibodies, as well as Redox systems. The Sucrose consumption increases HOMA-IR and the secretion of insulin, adiponectin and leptin, it also increased the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and the production of IgA and IgG antibodies, decreased the activity of the Glutathione Reductase enzyme and increased the production of TBARS and AGE. High sucrose consumption increases the inflammatory response mediated mainly by CD8+ lymphocytes and the production of proinflammatory cytokines, it can trigger a compensatory humoral response and alter Redox mechanisms causing a state of Oxidant Stress.