Maximizing the Impact of Scientific Conferences: A Scoping Review of Methods, Strategies and Future Directions

Introduction: Scientific conferences are vital for sharing knowledge, fostering collaboration, and advancing professional development. However, traditional formats are facing increasing challenges related to accessibility, sustainability, and engagement. This scoping review synthesizes current evidence on strategies for organizing scientific conferences to enhance their impact across key dimensions: learning, networking, inclusion, and environmental considerations sustainability.Methods: We conducted a systematic search across Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar, analyzing 110 studies published between 1983 and 2024. Two independent reviewers extracted and analyzed data on conference formats, outcomes, and implementation strategies. The review adhered to established scoping review methodologies, including PRISMA guidelines, to ensure comprehensive and transparent reporting.Results: Virtual and hybrid conference formats improved accessibility significantly and reduced carbon emissions by 60–90% compared to traditional in-person formats. However, these formats required careful design to maintain networking benefits, successfully incorporating structured small-group sessions, AI-powered matchmaking, and multi-hub models that combine regional in-person gatherings with global virtual connections. Interactive session designs and asynchronous content access consistently enhanced learning outcomes across all formats. Multi-hub models emerged as a promising compromise, reducing emissions by 60–70% while preserving networking opportunities.Discussion: The evidence indicates that future conference designs should embrace flexible, multi-modal approaches to leverage the strengths of various formats while overcoming participation barriers. Virtual and hybrid formats provide substantial benefits in accessibility and sustainability but necessitate intentional design to ensure effective networking and engagement. Additional research is essential to establish standardized impact metrics and assess the long-term career effects of different conference models. This review offers evidence-based guidance for conference organizers and emphasizes the need for ongoing innovation in conference design to address the evolving requirements of the global academic community.