Conservation of Fragmented Ecosystems in Urban Environments: Sustainability Indicators and Strategies to Mitigate Biodiversity Loss

This article analyzes the impact of urbanization and industrialization on biodiversity and ecosystems, with special attention to habitat fragmentation and loss of ecological connectivity. The methodology includes a comprehensive literature review and a case study in a specific city to evaluate the effects of these urban transformations. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to develop and validate innovative sustainability indicators designed to measure the health of urban ecosystems and their ability to support biodiversity. These indicators, a key contribution of the study, offer practical and adaptable tools for urban planners and policy makers, facilitating the assessment of ecological connectivity and sustainability. The findings reveal that conserving urban ecosystem fragments improves ecological resilience, mitigates heat island effects, reduces pollution, and fosters long-term sustainability. Furthermore, the article proposes new conservation strategies, integrating these fragments into urban planning, which contributes to the creation of more livable and sustainable cities, with direct benefits for both ecosystems and human well-being.