Associations Between P300 Latency and Reaction Time on Event-Related Potentials in Children with Varying Levels of Fluid Intelligence

Assessing cognitive abilities is crucial in educational contexts to inform student selection processes. Presently, academic metrics are widely used for grading, evaluation, selection and placement decisions. This study investigates the correlation between P300 latency, reaction time, and fluid intelligence in children, utilizing Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM) for intelligence measurement. Participants were divided into two groups based on their RSPM scores, reflecting "high mental abilities" and "average mental abilities." We hypothesized that children with higher RSPM scores would demonstrate shorter P300 latency and faster reaction times, indicative of more efficient cognitive processing. Electrophysiological data were collected through Event Related Potentials (ERPs), specifically analyzing the P300 component. Results confirmed that higher intelligence is associated with shorter P300 latencies and faster reaction times, supporting theories of neural efficiency and cognitive speed's role in intelligence. This study enhances understanding of the neurophysiological correlates of intelligence in children and informs educational strategies tailored to individual cognitive profiles.