The Impact of CO2 Emissions in Indonesia's Construction Industry: A Human Development Perspective

The construction industry in Indonesia plays a crucial role in the country's economic growth, but it is also one of the top contributors to CO2 emissions, raising important concerns about its effects on environmental sustainability and human development. This study explores the relationship between the carbon footprint of the construction sector and its effects on Indonesia’s human development indicators, including health, education, and income. By employing a mixed-methods approach that combines an analysis of CO2 emission data from major construction activities with a review of government policies and frameworks, this research identifies trends and assesses mitigation strategies. The findings indicate that the construction sector is responsible for a significant portion of national greenhouse gas emissions, primarily due to energy-intensive processes and a slow uptake of green technologies. However, the evidence suggests that strategic interventions, such as encouraging green construction practices and implementing regulatory measures, can effectively reduce emissions while also providing socioeconomic benefits. The study concludes that it is essential to incorporate sustainable practices within the construction industry to align environmental objectives with human development goals. These insights provide practical recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders to achieve a balance between growth and sustainability.