Simulation and Parameter Study of Inductive Coils in a Dual-Core Fluxgate

A fluxgate sensor, as a precise magnetic field measurement tool, has one of its major advantages in its ability to perform vector measurements. In order to investigate the effects of different pickup coil parameters on the induced electromotive force (EMF) output of the fluxgate sensor, this paper establishes a dual-core fluxgate sensor model using Maxwell software. The various parameters of the sensing coil, including coil spacing, cross-sectional area, number of turns, and wire diameter, are systematically varied. Electromagnetic simulations are conducted under both zero magnetic field and geomagnetic field conditions. By comparing the changes in the induced EMF output for different parameter settings, the results show that a mismatch in the sizes of the sensing and excitation coils negatively impacts performance. Improper positioning of the sensing coil relative to the excitation coil and the magnetic core (e.g., if it is protruding) results in insufficient electromagnetic induction, which reduces the induced EMF. Additionally, reducing the wire diameter improves the induced EMF and sensor sensitivity while minimizing interference.