Dynamic Load Flow in Modern Power Systems: Renewables, Crypto Mining, and Electric Vehicles

The contemporary electric distribution grid landscape witnesses a growing integration of diverse components, including distributed renewable energy sources, electric vehicles (EVs), and Bitcoin mining operations. This integration signals a significant shift in energy management and consumption paradigms. The increased presence of solar and wind power contributes to a diversified and sustainable energy mix, while the incorporation of EVs marks a substantial stride toward sustainable transportation. However, the introduction of Bitcoin mining operations introduces complex dynamics, raising concerns about energy consumption and grid stability. To effectively address these challenges, this study focuses on conducting 24-hour load flow analyses on a power system integrating intermittent renewable sources, Bitcoin mining farms, and EVs, considering the variability in power demand conditions. The analysis explores changes in bus voltage and power factor throughout the day. Notably, the integration of renewable distributed sources maintains voltage-level stability by preserving energy balance. To ensure power factor stability, the study emphasizes the importance of limiting reactive power production from local renewables during high production conditions. The findings underscore the necessity of detecting unfavorable system conditions and implementing necessary safeguards to ensure reliable resource management in the evolving landscape of electric distribution grids.