Targeting Strategies in Liposomal Drug Delivery

Liposomal drug delivery systems have become the revolutionary technology in the field of modern therapeutics, providing improved efficacy and fewer side effects. Herein, we review the most recent developments in targeting strategies and innovations in liposomal formulations. We discuss the passive targeting mechanisms, such as the enhanced permeability and retention effect, through which liposomes can accumulate in the tumor tissue. We also consider active targeting techniques that use particular ligands for enhancing the specificity of drug delivery to target cells. The review discusses different kinds of liposomes, such as PEGylated and pH-sensitive formulations, for enhancing drug stability and controlled release in response to specific environmental conditions. We have also discussed factors that affect the stability and circulation time of the liposomal formulations, with major emphasis on the lipid composition and formulation strategies. Discussion on challenges in the mass production of liposomes, together with potential solutions to achieve uniformity and reproducibility. In general, the incorporation of advanced targeting strategies and innovative formulations underlines the potential of liposomal drug delivery systems to considerably improve therapeutic results, especially in oncology and personalized medicine. This comprehensive review aims to highlight the current status of liposomal research and the future directions of this area to pave the way for more effective and targeted therapeutic interventions.