Review: Overview of Organic Cathode Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries and Supercapacitors
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Organic materials have emerged as promising candidates for cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors, offering unique properties and advantages over traditional inorganic counterparts. This review explores the utilization of organic compounds as cathode materials in energy storage devices, focusing on their application in lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. The review looks into various types of organic materials, organosulfur compounds, organic free radical compounds, organic carbonyl compounds, conducting polymers, and imine compounds. The advantages, challenges, and ongoing developments in this field are explored, highlighting the potential of organic cathode materials in achieving higher energy density, improved cycling stability, and environmental sustainability. The comprehensive analysis of organic cathode materials provides insights into their electrochemical performance, electrode reaction mechanisms, and design strategies such as molecular structure modification, hybridization with inorganic components, porous architectures, conductive additives, electrolyte optimization, binder selection, and electrode architecture for enhancing their efficiency and performance. Moreover, future research in the field of organic cathode materials should focus on addressing current limitations such as low energy density, cycling stability, poor rate capability, and potential safety concerns, and advancing their performance. This includes enhancing conductivity, optimizing synthesis methods, improving structural stability, addressing capacity fading and cycle life issues, exploring new redox-active organic compounds, and paving the way for the next generation of high-performance energy storage devices. Additionally, the development of scalable and cost-effective manufacturing processes for organic cathode materials is crucial for their commercial viability.