Therapeutic Potential of Mineralocorticoid Receptors in Skeletal Muscle Aging

Skeletal muscle aging, or sarcopenia, involves progressive muscle mass and function loss, which limits mobility and independence in the aged populations. This decline is driven by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance, all of which impair muscle regeneration and accelerate protein breakdown. Mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs), known for roles in electrolyte balance, have emerged as key regulators of these processes in skeletal muscle. MR activation promotes inflammatory signaling, increases oxidative stress, and worsens insulin resistance, accelerating sarcopenia progression. This review examines the impact of MRs on muscle health and highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting these receptors to counteract age-related muscle loss. MR antagonists, such as spironolactone, show promise in reducing inflammation and oxidative damage, potentially slowing sarcopenia. Physical exercise, an established intervention for muscle health, may enhance MR antagonism effects by improving insulin sensitivity and reducing inflammation. However, more research is needed to determine the efficacy and safety of combined MR antagonists and exercise protocols for preventing sarcopenia in older adults.