The Effects of Photodynamic Therapy on Genetically Determined Glioma Syndromes Associated with an Increased Risk of Disease

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective method of preventing the progression of cancer. The PDT method guarantees localized generation of singlet oxygen (1O2), which is toxic to the cells. Therefore, this treatment, also called light-activated chemotherapy, is particularly useful for tumors whose location is difficult to access but needs to be known. Therefore, PDT may be an alternative method to the surgical removal of the tumor by replacing the scalpel tool with three factors, i.e., light, a photosensitizer and oxygen, to generate singlet oxygen in the cell. Herein, primary brain tumors that probably originate from neuroglial stem or progenitor cells are discussed. In this review, we have included current information on the use of PDT in the treatment of gliomas in the context of genetics. We have mainly focused on the study of the use of PDT in patients with genetic syndromes that are associated with an increased risk of glioma. The review also uses information on genetic syndromes that are important for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with glioma. We discuss the association between brain tumors and a few genetic abnormalities. In this review, we highlight the molecular mechanism of human cell response to PDT based on the literature data. In treated samples, significant changes in gene expression were noted after PDT.