Microglial, Astrocytic, Oligodendrocytic, T-Cell and B-Cell Inflammatory Pathways Underlying Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias

Neuroinflammation is considered one of the major causing factors of neuronal dysfunction leading to dementia associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) or AD related dementias (ADRD). Several published articles have reported potential involvement of microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocyte, B-cell and T-cell linked with different neuroinflammatory signaling pathways. This article is intended to provide a summary of various published papers in this area and show the neuroinflammatory pathways that associates with the imbalanced level microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocyte, B-cell and T-cell leading to neuronal dysfunction, dementia or cognitive decline of neurological diseases like AD and ADRD. Several drugs have been designed and tested, yet unable to find an appropriate drug for treatment. Therefore, further attention is essential for deeper understanding the underlying mechanism of these diseases for finding an appropriate drug target and in this review, we provide the importance of cellular neuroinflammatory pathways that induce neuronal dysfunction leading the dementia or cognitive deficits in AD and ADRD.