Immersive Virtual Reality as Computer-Assisted Cognitive-Motor Dual Task Training in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

Background and Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of immersive virtual reality (IVR) as computer-assisted cognitive-motor dual task training on stability and gait in patients with Parkinson's disease. The sub-objective focused on quality of life in the study group of patients. Materials and Methods: Nineteen patients (64.2 ± 12.8 years) were included in the study. Inclusion criteria for the study: adult patients in Hoehn and Yahr's stage 1-3, cooperative, with stable health status, independent and mobile. IVR therapy was performed twice a week for 20 minutes for one month. Input and output measurements were taken within 14 days of starting or ending therapy. The Berg Balance Scale test (BBS) was used to assess balance with a 14-item balance scale containing specific movement tasks. In addition, the 10 Meter Walk test was used to examine and assess both comfortable and fast walking, and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) + s dual task was applied to quickly assess the highest possible level of functional mobility. The standardized Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) was used to assess quality of life. Data were processed in the PAST program using a parametric paired t-test. Results: A statistically significant improvement in the BBS score was found after applied therapy (p = 0.033) and a statistically significant reduction in the TUG parameter was found after therapy (p = 0.021). In the PDQ-39 questionnaire, a statistically significant improvement was found in the study group after therapy not only in the total score characterizing quality of life, but also in the domains of mobility, ADL, and emotional well-being. Conclusions: The results of the study indicate a positive effect of virtual reality therapy on balance and gait, which is also good in terms of reducing the risk of falls in the study group. Therapy also promoted quality of life in the study group.