Production of Hydrogen from Biomass and other Sustainable Sources: Storage, Applications, and Policy Recommendations

Hydrogen is widely regarded as a crucial element in the transition to a sustainable energy future. This review paper provides a comprehensive examination of hydrogen production from various pathways, with a particular focus on biomass-derived hydrogen. The paper explores the key technologies used in the production of hydrogen, including steam methane reforming, electrolysis, biomass gasification, and biological processes. Furthermore, it assesses the advancements in hydrogen storage and transportation systems, as well as its diverse applications in sectors such as energy, transportation, and industry. The paper also critically evaluates the economic, environmental, and policy dimensions of hydrogen production, with an emphasis on the role of biomass in facilitating sustainable hydrogen economies. Challenges, opportunities, and future directions for enhancing the efficiency and scalability of hydrogen production from renewable sources are also discussed. The review concludes by providing policy recommendations for accelerating the adoption of hydrogen as a clean and reliable energy carrier, highlighting the need for integrated strategies to support the growth of the global hydrogen economy.