Optimization and Spatial Modeling of Basins and Water Resources

Objetives:Analyze the techniques that are most effective in basins and water resources. Determine the most widely used optimization methods at an international level. List countries that have the largest number of related studies. Methodology:A systematic bibliographic review study was carried out on the use of optimization and spatial modeling techniques in basins and water resources in the last 14 years. A search was considered in the Scopus and Scielo databases. The observation technique was used to extract the information and the indicators were recorded in an evaluation form (Title, Author, Year, Country, Sample, Technique). Result: The most effective technique is the use of Ge- ographic Information Systems (GIS). The most widely used techniques are GIS, Minimum Cumulative Resis- tance (MCR) and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The countries that highlight the relevance of this study are China leading the list with 6 studies, fol- lowed by Colombia with 3, Spain with 2 investigations and some other countries such as Peru, Chile, the USA and Tunisia with 1 investigation respectively. Conclusion: The analysis of the techniques used in spatial modeling and optimization for watersheds and hy- drographic resources shows that Geographic Information Systems (GIS) stand out as the most effective tool due to their versatility and ability to integrate spatial and temporal variables in complex management scenarios. Minimum Cumulative Resistance (MCR) stands out for its contribution to ecological connectivity and landscape stability, while the SWAT model is particularly useful in water and sediment quality management in agricultural watersheds.