Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Wound-Healing Properties of Extracts of <i>Botryocladia leptopoda</i>

Wound healing is a complex process involving coordinated actions of multiple cell types. Therefore, when developing therapeutics to promote wound healing, it is essential to consider the synergistic contributions of various cells at different stages of the healing process. In this study, we evaluated the potential of different extracts of Botryocladia leptopoda as wound-healing agents by examining their effects on antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity, cell migration, anti-inflammatory properties, and expressions of specific biomarkers associated with wound healing. Results indicated that the ethanol extract (FE) and alkaline extract (AE) showed great antioxidation abilities against DPPH and FICA. In addition, the FE and AE provided anti-inflammatory actions that inhibited tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-&alpha; and interleukin (IL)-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Further analyses suggested that the FE and AE enhanced cell proliferation and migration, and regulated would healing-related genes including matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), MMP2, MMP9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2) to avoid scar formation and accelerate wound healing. Taken together, these findings indicated that the FE and AE from B. leptopoda exhibited remarkable in vitro wound-healing properties, highlighting their potential for applications in pharmaceutical industries and health food development.