Association of Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma and Cerebral Lissencephaly/Pachygyria: Case Report and Literature Review

Congenital mesoblastic nephroma represents 3 - 10 % of all pediatric renal tumors. With the advancement of ultrasound diagnostics and magnetic resonance imaging, the diagnosis of this renal neoplasm is increasingly being established prenatally and at birth. It usually presents as a benign tumor, but it can severely affect pregnancy outcomes, contributing to serious complications, perinatal morbidity and mortality. Lissencephaly belongs to a rare category of neurodevelopmental disorders marked by the absence of substantial reduction of the typical folds and grooves in the cerebral cortex. The prognosis for patients with lissencephaly is extremely poor, carryng with it a high mortality rate. The aim of this study is to point out the characteristics and unique correlation between CMN and lissencephaly, and to illustrate the histopathological features of CMN and lissencephaly through an educational example derived from our presented index case. To the best to our knowledge, the association of CMN with lissencephaly has not been decribed in the literature so far. Outlining the prenatal progression of CMN and the outcome of pregnancies involving fetal CMN and lissencephaly this case underscores the importance of comprenhesive ultrasound examionations, including central nervous system evaluation, to identify potenial coexisting anomalies and refine prenatal diagnostic practices.