Sexual Dysfunctions in Breastfeeding Females: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background: The prevalence of sexual dysfunctions varies from 35.5% to over 80% among post-partum women. Controversy exists regarding risk factors for female sexual dysfunction (FSDs) in the postpartum period. It remains unclear whether the breastfeeding types contribute to the development of FSDs differently. Aims: The primary goal of this meta-analysis is to explore the role of baby-feeding practices in developing sexual dysfunctions in women. Methods: We con-ducted a systematic literature search using the biomedical databases Scopus, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed/Medline. We looked for peer-reviewed original studies written in English, Polish, and Arabic and published from January 2000 to June 2023. We included publica-tions that reported scores in sexuality domains assessed with the Female Sexual Dysfunction Index (FSFI) and any sexuality-related issues during postpartum. FSFI scores were combined in a meta-analysis using the random-effects inverse-variance model. Other findings were synthesized with a narrative review. Results: Nineteen articles met the eligibility criteria for systematic review and meta-analysis. Sexual dysfunctions were detected in all women, irrespective of the feeding type. Better overall sexual functioning was reported among women using complementary feeding than among those who breastfeed exclusively or use baby bottles: 22.16, 95% CI: 21.68 – 22.65, 21.61, 95% CI: 20.27 – 22.95, and 20.18, 95% CI -20.93 – 61.30, respectively. Slight lower scores were reported in all FSFI subscales in exclusively breastfeeding women compared to those using the complementary method. Conclusion: Breastfeeding females experience difficulties in sexual life during the postpartum period, irrespective of the feeding type. The most important aspects of the postpartum period that should be considered in the future are early diagnosis and prevention of sexual dysfunctions in all breastfeeding females.