Cross-Sectional Study on Vector-Borne Zoonoses and Global Warming Awareness – an Overview of Perceptions, Knowledge and Practices in Portugal

Climate change is a critical concern for public health. Its impact on human and animal health is becoming increasingly evident each year, as extreme weather events and the expansion of vectors to new areas increase the risk of transmission of zoonoses. These changes have far-reaching consequences, affecting not only human health but also the environment and the global economy. As such, it is essential that we take collective action to mitigate the effects of climate change and protect public health for future generations. This study aimed to investigate the level of perception, knowledge, and practices of Portuguese citizens regarding vector-borne zoonoses and their association with climate change. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted by distributing a survey to 147 individuals. The results showed that, on average, 80% of the respondents had knowledge about zoonoses and that the vector-borne zoonoses least recognized by the sample were Chikungunya virus and West Nile virus. About 93% of the study’s population reported feeling that, with each passing year, temperatures in the warmer months are getting higher, with more than half of the respondents reporting that they have felt an increase in the prevalence of vectors in the country in these months in recent years. The results also show that most of the participants, about 93%, considered that veterinarians did not provide sufficient information about vector-borne zoonoses. The results also showed that the sampled population was not prepared for the reality that is increasingly felt in Europe and Portugal, since only 42% of respondents used preventive measures for vectors, such as the use of repellents. Therefore, there is a need for increased education and awareness campaigns, as well as for veterinarians to play a more active role in the dissemination of information and prevention strategies.