The Anti-Microbial Effect of Elf on Breast Cancer Progress

Aims Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and, according to Breast Cancer Statistics (CDC), ranks as the second leading cause of death among women. The intratumoral microbiota, a subject of recent research attention, plays a crucial role in the tumor microenvironment, contributing significantly to its repair and regeneration and serving as an effective therapeutic factor in cancers. Additionally, non-ionizing magnetic fields with extremely low frequencies (ELF-EFM) induce apoptosis, leading to the suppression of tumor cells. Studies have shown that ELF-EFM also plays a vital role in reducing bacterial cell counts. Therefore, by influencing the intratumoral microbiota population through ELF-EFM exposure, we can potentially address cancer and infectious diseases. Materials and methods ELF-EFM exposure for two hours per day with a frequency of 1Hz and an intensity of 100mT was investigated in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) mouse models and triple-positive breast cancer (TPBC) mouse models. After 28 days, the mice were euthanized, and the intratumoral microbiota population was examined using IHC tests (LPS/LTA) and real-time PCR (16SrRNA). Additionally, the mice's immune response was assessed by examining factors affecting tumor growth and metastasis: IHC (CD4/CD8, VEGF) and H&E (TILs). Key findings Significantly, TNBC mice in the exposure group did not show a significant change in tumor growth rate compared to the control group. However, TPBC mice in the exposure group exhibited a reduction in tumor growth rate compared to the control group. The number of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) was lower in the TNBC exposure group compared to the TPBC group. In the intratumoral microbiota population, the number of Gram-negative bacteria, based on IHC test results (LPS/LTA) and examination of the expression of the 16SrRNA gene, was lower in TNBC mice compared to the TPBC group. Significance Our study results confirm the impact of ELF-EFM exposure on reducing the intratumoral microbiota population and inducing apoptosis, both of which are considered tumor cell suppressors.