Philosophy of Family-Centered Nursing in Patient Diabetes Type 2: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that is often associated with a range of complications, including cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, and diabetic retinopathy. Family-centered nursing (FCN) has emerged as an important approach to managing chronic diseases, particularly diabetes care, by involving family members in the patient's treatment and self-care process. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of family-centered nursing on glycemic control, treatment adherence, self-care behaviors, psychological well-being, and the broader implications of reducing diabetes-related complications and enhancing quality of life in T2DM patients. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across electronic databases to identify studies on family-centered nursing in the management of T2DM. Primary outcomes assessed included glycemic control (HbA1c levels), treatment adherence, self-care behaviors, psychological well-being (e.g., anxiety and depression), and diabetes-related complications. Data were synthesized through meta-analysis where applicable, focusing on quantitative and qualitative studies to gain comprehensive insights into the effectiveness of FCN interventions in diabetes care. Results: Meta-analysis indicated that family-centered nursing significantly improved glycemic control, with a reduction in HbA1c levels by an average of 1.2% (p < 0.05) in intervention groups compared to standard nursing care. Furthermore, treatment adherence was higher in the family-centered nursing groups, with 25% greater adherence to medication and lifestyle modifications. Self-care behaviors, including diet management, physical activity, and blood glucose monitoring, notably improved in the FCN groups. Psychological well-being, particularly anxiety and depression, showed significant improvement, with a reduction in symptoms by 30% in patients receiving family-centered care. Conclusion: Family-centered nursing is an effective and supportive approach for managing type 2 diabetes. It enhances glycemic control, treatment adherence, and self-care behaviors while improving psychological well-being. The involvement of family members in diabetes care contributes to better outcomes and quality of life for patients. Future research is needed to explore the long-term impact of family-centered nursing and its integration into standard diabetes care protocols to optimize its benefits further.