A Newly-Derived Cosmological Redshift Formula Which Solves the Hubble Tension and Yet Maintains Consistency with T_t = T_0(1 + z), the R_h = ct Principle and the Stefan-Boltzmann Law

Numerous cosmological redshift formulae have been suggested in the field of cosmology. One of these is the well-known cosmological redshift formula used in the Λ-CDM model and in some R_h = ct models. In a recent type of “black hole” cosmology model, the redshift formula is derived from three fundamental principles: that the Stefan-Boltzmann law holds with respect to perfect and almost perfect black bodies; that the universe follows the Rh = ct principle; and that the time-dependent CMB temperature in relation to cosmological redshift is given by the observed relation T_t = T_0(1 + z). These three principles have recently been used by Haug and Tatum [1] to derive z = Sqrt(R_h/R_t) − 1, which has led to a simple but powerful solution to the Hubble tension [2–4]. In this short note, we build on our recent work and describe multiple different ways in which to represent the same cosmological redshift formula.