Behavioral Implications of COVID-19 Prevention and Vaccination Status in Africa During 2023

COVID-19 remains a global health emergency, causing thousands of illnesses. This study investigated peoples’ knowledge of COVID-19 in Africa. It highlighted factors impacting acceptance of preventive and vaccination measures. This cross-sectional survey was conducted in Nigeria, and South Africa, from September 2023 to December 2023. It included 1000 participants via convenience sampling. Participants completed the validated survey online or in person. Data was analyzed using t-test, analysis of variance, regression analysis, Pearson Chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test. Most participants (96%) identified COVID-19 as a virus and were aware of its transmission modes. About 60% reported using facemasks and hand hygiene as preventative measures. Education, employment status, and living arrangements significantly influenced knowledge of COVID-19. Despite 88% of participants being aware of vaccines, 21% had received the first vaccine dose, and 81.7% had negative attitudes towards vaccinations. False information was the leading hindrance, especially in younger and less-educated individuals, who believed that the vaccine caused death (26%) or caused COVID-19 itself (17%). Therefore, future interventions should address misconceptions about vaccines and widen access to preventative measures. Further research should examine behavioral interventions to improve compliance with infection control measures.