A Comprehensive Review of Sensor Technologies, Instrumentation and Signal Processing Solutions for Low-Power IoT Systems with Mini Computing Devices

Τhis paper provides a comprehensive overview of sensors commonly used in low-cost, low-power systems, focusing on key concepts such as IoT, Big Data, and smart sensor technologies. It defines the evolving roles of sensors, emphasizing their characteristics, technological advancements, and the transition toward 'smart sensors' with integrated processing capabilities. The article also explores the increasing significance of mini computing devices in educational environments. These devices offer cost-effective and energy-efficient solutions for system monitoring, prototype validation, and real-world application development. By interfacing with wireless sensor networks and IoT systems, mini-computers enable students and researchers to design, test, and deploy sensor-based systems with minimal resource requirements. Furthermore, the paper discusses the use of signal processing techniques to enhance data acquisition and measurement accuracy, making these systems more reliable and suitable for various educational and research applications. This research aims to equip future engineers with the knowledge and tools to integrate cutting-edge sensor networks, IoT, and Big Data technologies into scalable, real-world solutions.