Advancements in Materials for 3D-Printed Microneedle Arrays: Enhancing Performance and Biocompatibility

The rapid advancement of 3D printing technology has revolutionized the fabrication of microneedle arrays (MNAs), which hold great promise in biomedical applications such as drug delivery, diagnostics, and therapeutic interventions. This review provides an exploration of the diverse materials used in the production of 3D-printed MNAs, including photopolymer resins, biocompatible materials, composite resins, and cutting-edge materials designed to improve mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and functional performance. By analyzing recent research and technological innovations, this paper presents an assessment of material characteristics, fabrication techniques, and their alignment with application-specific requirements. Additionally, it discusses future directions and addresses potential challenges in advancing the field of 3D-printed MNAs.