A Relationship between the Subatomic Particles’ Mass and the Square of the Magnetic Flux Quantum Provides a Novel Significance of the Mass and the Wave Function

The motivation for investigating the issues presented in this article stemmed from a discovery that resulted from using the magnetic flux quantum that combine the Planck's constant and the Elementary charge, and combining them in the mathematical expression of Coulomb's law. It led to a new mathematical relationship between the combined expressions. The new relationship yields a novel theoretical finding that indicates that the mass of the electron is associated with the magnitude of the square of the magnetic flux quantum which makes up the particle. It reveils also a novel significance of the vacuum permittivity constant (in SI units), which also relies on a result from a different prespective demonstrated in this article through an analogy to the kinetic theory of gases. It shows that the vacuum permittivity constant is associated with the Bohr radius and it is about sixth of it. Using the concept of the nucleus motion around the center of mass shared with the electron in the Hydrogen atom, along with defineing the orbital angular momentum of the proton at the trajectory around the center of mass, resulted in finding the velocity of the proton at this trajectory. This velocity divided by the speed of light in vaccum, yields a new physical constant which fulfill a similar role like the fine structure constant in the atom domain. The new constant and the fine structure constant are combined together along with the square of the magnetic flux quantum in most of the equations that yield results for the proton and neutron masses and their radii. Another aspect that is presented in a briefly way demonstrates the connection between the square of the magnetic flux quantum through the Bohr radius that provides a novel significance of the wave function in the atom.