Tension-Free Cosmic Evolution from Scale Symmetry

This work presents a new cosmological scenario based on Scale Gauge Theory, in which the evolution of the Universe is interpreted as a progressive form of “gear stiffening” associated with an increasing hierarchical index. Within this framework, the effective gravitational constant grows in discrete steps over cosmic time, while the effective mass of the scale field (dilaton) increases simultaneously, guiding physical constants toward a stationary configuration. This gear-like evolution enables a unified and self-consistent resolution of several key observational and theoretical challenges, including equivalence principle constraints, fifth-force bounds, the successes of Big Bang nucleosynthesis and the cosmic microwave background, and the current Hubble and S₈ tensions. The model further offers a novel interpretation of cosmic evolution as an irreversible process driven by the condensation of degrees of freedom and the compression of information.