Climate change effects on health and livelihood in the south-western coastal areas of Satkhira and Khulna district, Bangladesh

This study explores the multifaceted impacts of climate change on health and livelihoods in the south-western coastal regions of Bangladesh, with a focus on Gabura, Padmapukur, and Dakhin Bedkashi unions. Data were collected through individual interviews and focus group discussions involving 150 participants from diverse age groups, genders, and occupations. Over the past five years, respondents reported notable shifts in weather patterns, including increased cyclones (63%), flooding (20%), water scarcity (9%), and rising temperatures (8%). Cyclones and storm surges emerged as the most severe hazards, significantly affecting both public health and economic activities. Health-related consequences included high incidences of diarrhea (48%), skin diseases (38%), and kidney or liver problems (14%). These issues were exacerbated by limited access to healthcare services due to shortages of medical personnel, long travel distances to facilities, and financial barriers. Livelihoods were also heavily impacted, particularly in fishing (81%), agriculture (8%), land erosion (5%), and reduced daily wages (5%). Migration was a coping response for some households, with 51% relocating temporarily and 3% permanently in search of income opportunities. Alarmingly, 92% of participants reported having no coping strategies, underscoring the low adaptive capacity of these communities. The findings highlight an urgent need for integrated climate adaptation measures, including the construction of sustainable river embankments, the provision of safe drinking water, and the enhancement of healthcare infrastructure. Strengthening these areas is essential to building resilience and safeguarding vulnerable populations against the escalating effects of climate change.