A Universal Empirical Formula for the Fermion Mass Spectrum
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The fermion mass hierarchy remains an unresolved mystery in the Standard Model. This paper proposes a universal empirical formula that accurately describes the masses of all charged leptons, up type quarks, and down type quarks with better than 1% precision across three generations. This universality of this mathematical form suggests a common mass-generation mechanism, providing new constraints for beyond-Standard-Model theories.