Potential Suppression of HSV-1 Outbreaks During GLP-1 (Semaglutide) Therapy: A Self-Observed Case Report

This case report describes an unusual episode in which a recurrent herpes simplex virus

type 1 (HSV-1) outbreak did not progress beyond its prodromal phase during treatment

with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist therapy. The individual, who has a

long-standing history of consistent HSV-1 reactivation episodes characterized by tingling,

lesion formation, and ulceration, experienced only the initial prodrome, which resolved

within 48 hours without progressing to a full outbreak. This deviation occurred while the

subject was on semaglutide therapy for weight management, and no other changes in health

status, medication, or lifestyle were reported. GLP-1 receptor agonists are increasingly

recognized for their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, including

modulation of microglial activity and reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These

mechanisms may influence viral latency and immune surveillance within the nervous

system. Although causality cannot be established from a single observation, this report

suggests a potential relationship between GLP-1 therapy and the suppression of HSV-1

reactivation, highlighting the need for further investigation in broader clinical or

mechanistic studies.