Removal of clinically relevant SARS-CoV-2 variants by an affinity resin containing Galanthus nivalis agglutinin
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Abstract
The Coronavirus -19 (COVID-19) pandemic due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus has now exceeded two years in duration. The pandemic has been characterized by the development of a succession of variants containing mutations in the spike protein affecting infectiousness, virulence and efficacy of vaccines and monoclonal antibodies. Resistance to vaccination and limitations in the current treatments available require the ongoing development of therapies especially for those with severe disease. The plant lectin Galanthus nivalis binds to mannose structures in the viral envelope. We hypothesized that viral binding should be unaffected by spike protein mutations. Known concentrations of seven clinically relevant SARS-CoV-2 variants were spiked in medium and passed three times over columns containing 1 gm of GNA affinity resin. Percent decrease in viral titer was compared with a control sample. Viral capture efficiency was found to range from 53 to 89% for all variants. Extrapolation indicated that an adult Aethlon Hemopurifier® would have more than sufficient binding capacity for viral loads observed in adult patients with severe COVID-19 infection.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2022.04.27.489436: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Experimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources Viruses: Seven variants of SARS-CoV-2, (Table 1) were propagated on Vero E6 cells (CRL-1586) and Calu-3 cells (HTB-55™). Calu-3suggested: ATCC Cat# HTB-55, RRID:CVCL_0609)Sample Analysis by Plaque Assay: Samples were serially diluted, and triplicate aliquots of each dilution were transferred onto confluent monolayers of VeroE6 cells (12-well plate format). VeroE6suggested: NoneResults from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. …
SciScore for 10.1101/2022.04.27.489436: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Experimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources Viruses: Seven variants of SARS-CoV-2, (Table 1) were propagated on Vero E6 cells (CRL-1586) and Calu-3 cells (HTB-55™). Calu-3suggested: ATCC Cat# HTB-55, RRID:CVCL_0609)Sample Analysis by Plaque Assay: Samples were serially diluted, and triplicate aliquots of each dilution were transferred onto confluent monolayers of VeroE6 cells (12-well plate format). VeroE6suggested: NoneResults from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:An extracorporeal therapy for COVID-19 viremia may help overcome limitations in the current treatment strategies. Vaccines have been remarkably effective in decoupling infection from severe disease. However, recent data indicates that only 65% of the population have been vaccinated and only 30 % have received booster shots [12]. Vaccines have also demonstrated decreased neutralization against the current Omicron variant [13]. Three antiviral drugs are currently approved for COVID-19 with only Remdesivir having been studied in severe disease. Remdesivir showed improvement in time to recovery but only in patients not on mechanical ventilation [14]. The Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) does not currently recommend Remdesivir for COVID-19 patients on mechanical ventilation based on the available data [15]. Monoclonal therapies have been developed during the pandemic but recently combination therapies of bamlanivimab/etsevemivab and casirivimab/indemivab have been found to have reduced activity against the Omicron BA.2 variant [16]. Sotrovimab is the only monoclonal antibody currently recommended in the NIH guidelines [17]. Anti-inflammatory therapies used in COVID-19 include the corticosteroid Dexamethasone and IL-6 inhibitor Tocilizumab. Corticosteroid exposure is associated with gastrointestinal bleeding and can lead to opportunistic infections. Tocilizumab has only a single target and previously been associated with gastrointestinal perforations and increased risk ...
Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.
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