Protection provided by vaccination, booster doses and previous infection against covid-19 infection, hospitalisation or death over time in Czechia
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Abstract
Studies demonstrating the waning of post-vaccination and post-infection immunity against covid-19 generally analyzed a limited range of vaccines or subsets of populations. Using Czech national health data from the beginning of the covid-19 pandemic till November 20, 2021 we estimated the risks of reinfection, breakthrough infection, hospitalization and death by a Cox regression adjusted for sex, age, vaccine type and vaccination status. Vaccine effectiveness against infection declined from 87% at 0-2 months after the second dose to 53% at 7-8 months for BNT162b2 vaccine, from 90% at 0-2 months to 65% at 7-8 months for mRNA-1273, and from 83% at 0-2 months to 55% at 5-6 months for the ChAdOx1-S. Effectiveness against hospitalization and deaths declined by about 15% and 10%, respectively, during the first 6-8 months. Boosters (third dose) returned the protection to the levels observed shortly after dose 2. In unvaccinated, previously infected individuals the protection against infection declined from 97% after 2 months to 72% at 18 months. Our results confirm the waning of vaccination-induced immunity against infection and a smaller decline in the protection against hospitalization and death. Boosting restores the original vaccine effectiveness. Post-infection immunity also decreases over time.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2021.12.10.21267590: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
NIH rigor criteria are not applicable to paper type.Table 2: Resources
No key resources detected.
Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:This is a possible limitation of this study, applicable mainly to the endpoint of confirmed infection and to the lesser extent to the hospitalisation or death endpoints. The one-dose Janssen vaccine appears in our analysis to defy the general trend of protection decay and while it starts at a significantly lower effectiveness, it holds …
SciScore for 10.1101/2021.12.10.21267590: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
NIH rigor criteria are not applicable to paper type.Table 2: Resources
No key resources detected.
Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:This is a possible limitation of this study, applicable mainly to the endpoint of confirmed infection and to the lesser extent to the hospitalisation or death endpoints. The one-dose Janssen vaccine appears in our analysis to defy the general trend of protection decay and while it starts at a significantly lower effectiveness, it holds it over the six months analysed in this study. To our knowledge, this somewhat counter-intuitive result has not yet been reported and as such it is not easy to interpret. However, due to the fact that this vaccine was introduced to the Czech Republic much later than the other three vaccines and that it requires only one dose for a complete vaccination, it is plausible to assume that this vaccine was mostly chosen by people with different social and behavioural characteristics compared to the two-dose vaccines. Since we cannot support this suggestion with data at the moment we leave this as a suggestion for further studies. Our results show that the administration of booster doses of the two approved mRNA vaccines brings the observed effectiveness to above 90% for infections, hospital admissions and deaths alike. Booster doses are undoubtedly highly efficient to prevent serious or fatal infections. Although our results are in a general agreement with the study on protective effect of vaccine booster in Israel (Bar-On and others, 2021), we cover a more extensive period of booster applications, use of the Spikevax vaccine as a booster, and do not ...
Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.
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