Prevalence of readily detected amyloid blood clots in ‘unclotted’ Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and COVID-19 plasma: a preliminary report
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Abstract
Background
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a well-known comorbidity to COVID-19 and coagulopathies are a common accompaniment to both T2DM and COVID-19. In addition, patients with COVID-19 are known to develop micro-clots within the lungs. The rapid detection of COVID-19 uses genotypic testing for the presence of SARS-Cov-2 virus in nasopharyngeal swabs, but it can have a poor sensitivity. A rapid, host-based physiological test that indicated clotting severity and the extent of clotting pathologies in the individual who was infected or not would be highly desirable.
Methods
Platelet poor plasma (PPP) was collected and frozen. On the day of analysis, PPP samples were thawed and analysed. We show here that microclots can be detected in the native plasma of twenty COVID-19, as well as ten T2DM patients, without the addition of any clotting agent, and in particular that such clots are amyloid in nature as judged by a standard fluorogenic stain. Results were compared to ten healthy age-matched individuals.
Results
In COVID-19 plasma these microclots are significantly increased when compared to the levels in T2DM.
Conclusions
This fluorogenic test may provide a rapid and convenient test with 100% sensitivity (P < 0.0001) and is consistent with the recognition that the early detection and prevention of such clotting can have an important role in therapy.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2020.07.28.20163543: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement IRB: Ethical considerations: Ethical approval for blood collection and analysis of the patients with COVID-19 and healthy individuals, was given by the Health Research Ethics Committee (HREC) of Stellenbosch University (reference number: 9521).
Consent: Oral consent was obtained from all participants prior to any sample collection.Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Table 2: Resources
Software and Algorithms Sentences Resources Micrograph analysis was done using ImageJ (version 2.0.0-rc-34/1.5a). ImageJsuggested: (ImageJ, RRID:SCR_003070)Statistical analysis was done using Graphpad, Prism … SciScore for 10.1101/2020.07.28.20163543: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement IRB: Ethical considerations: Ethical approval for blood collection and analysis of the patients with COVID-19 and healthy individuals, was given by the Health Research Ethics Committee (HREC) of Stellenbosch University (reference number: 9521).
Consent: Oral consent was obtained from all participants prior to any sample collection.Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Table 2: Resources
Software and Algorithms Sentences Resources Micrograph analysis was done using ImageJ (version 2.0.0-rc-34/1.5a). ImageJsuggested: (ImageJ, RRID:SCR_003070)Statistical analysis was done using Graphpad, Prism 8 (version 8.4.3). Graphpadsuggested: (GraphPad, RRID:SCR_000306)Results from OddPub: Thank you for sharing your data.
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We found bar graphs of continuous data. We recommend replacing bar graphs with more informative graphics, as many different datasets can lead to the same bar graph. The actual data may suggest different conclusions from the summary statistics. For more information, please see Weissgerber et al (2015).
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No funding statement was detected.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2020.07.28.20163543: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement Methods Ethical considerations Ethical approval for blood collection and analysis of the patients with COVID-19 and healthy individuals, was given by the Health Research Ethics Committee (HREC) of Stellenbosch University (reference number: 9521). Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable Patient sample Covid-19 patients 20 COVID-19-positive samples (11 males and 9 females) were obtained and blood samples collected before treatment was embarked upon. Table 2: Resources
Software and Algorithms Sentences Resources Micrograph analysis was done using ImageJ (version 2.0.0-rc-34/1.5a). SciScore for 10.1101/2020.07.28.20163543: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement Methods Ethical considerations Ethical approval for blood collection and analysis of the patients with COVID-19 and healthy individuals, was given by the Health Research Ethics Committee (HREC) of Stellenbosch University (reference number: 9521). Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable Patient sample Covid-19 patients 20 COVID-19-positive samples (11 males and 9 females) were obtained and blood samples collected before treatment was embarked upon. Table 2: Resources
Software and Algorithms Sentences Resources Micrograph analysis was done using ImageJ (version 2.0.0-rc-34/1.5a). ImageJsuggested: (ImageJ, SCR_003070)Statistical analysis was done using Graphpad, Prism 8 (version 8.4.3). Graphpadsuggested: (GraphPad, SCR_000306)Data from additional tools added to each annotation on a weekly basis.
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