Anti-Spike Antibody Response to Natural Infection with SARS-CoV-2 and Its Activity against Emerging Variants
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Abstract
As spike protein-specific antibody responses play a major role in protection against SARS-CoV-2, we examined spike-binding and ACE2-blocking antibody responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection at different time points. We found robust responses following acute infection, which waned approximately 11 months after infection.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2022.03.07.481737: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics Consent: Ethics statement: The study protocol and informed consent form were approved by the ethics committee of Chang Gung Medical Foundation and Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare.
IRB: Ethics statement: The study protocol and informed consent form were approved by the ethics committee of Chang Gung Medical Foundation and Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare.Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources After washing, the wells were incubated with anti-human IgG, IgM, or IgA, secondary antibodies … SciScore for 10.1101/2022.03.07.481737: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics Consent: Ethics statement: The study protocol and informed consent form were approved by the ethics committee of Chang Gung Medical Foundation and Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare.
IRB: Ethics statement: The study protocol and informed consent form were approved by the ethics committee of Chang Gung Medical Foundation and Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare.Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources After washing, the wells were incubated with anti-human IgG, IgM, or IgA, secondary antibodies conjugated with alkaline phosphatase at room temperature for 2 h. anti-human IgGsuggested: NoneIgAsuggested: NoneExperimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources Flow cytometry: To perform a flow cytometry-based binding assay, serial dilutions of serum in 3% BSA were incubated with MDCK-RBD and MDCK-Spike cells [19] at 4 °C for 30 min. MDCK-Spikesuggested: NoneMDCK-ACE2 cells were then incubated with the mixture at 4 °C for 30 min. MDCK-ACE2suggested: NonePseudovirus neutralization assay: HEK293T cells stably expressing human ACE2 were seeded in a 96-well plate and incubated overnight. HEK293Tsuggested: NoneSoftware and Algorithms Sentences Resources Statistical analyses: Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism or Excel. GraphPad Prismsuggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)Excelsuggested: NoneResults from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:Some limitations may exist in the study. First, this was a single-center observational study and the time points of blood sampling varied among patients. Second, anti-spike antibody response was undetectable in four patients. Most of them did not have risk factors, i.e., immunocompromised status, obesity, and age over 65 years, that may affect immunological responses [41,42]. However, all four patients had mild illness and one of them provided samples within the first week of illness. Third, a longitudinal follow-up of memory B cell responses was not performed. Previous research revealed that the size of antigen-specific memory B cell repertoire may show a trajectory pattern, and a long-term observation might be required to assess the dynamics of anti-spike memory B cell populations in the near future [22,23,26,27,29]. In conclusion, this study confirmed that acute SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits a rapid and robust spike-binding and ACE2-blocking antibody response, which wanes approximately 11 months after infection. Serological responses correlate with the frequency of spike-specific memory B cell responses to natural infections. Patients with fever and pneumonia develop significantly higher spike-binding, ACE2-blocking, and memory B-cell responses. However, spike-specific antibody responses are greatly affected by spike mutations in emerging variants, especially the Beta and Omicron variants. These results warrant continued surveillance of the spike-specific antibody response ...
Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.
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