RNA-Protein Interaction Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 5′ and 3′ Untranslated Regions Reveals a Role of Lysosome-Associated Membrane Protein-2a during Viral Infection

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Abstract

Replication of a positive-strand RNA virus involves an RNA-protein complex consisting of viral genomic RNA, host RNA(s), virus-encoded proteins, and host proteins. Dissecting out individual components of the replication complex will help decode the mechanism of viral replication. 5′ and 3′ UTRs in positive-strand RNA viruses play essential regulatory roles in virus replication.

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  1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.01.05.425516: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    Institutional Review Board Statementnot detected.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.
    Cell Line Authenticationnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Antibodies
    SentencesResources
    Anti-Lamp2 (Cat. No. 49067), anti-Lamp1
    Anti-Lamp2
    suggested: (Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 49067, RRID:AB_2799349)
    (Cat no. 83506) and anti-P62 (Cat no. 8025s) antibodies were from Cell signalling Technology (Massachusetts, USA).
    anti-P62
    suggested: None
    Anti-GAPDH antibody (Cat No. SC-25778) was from Santacruz Biotechnology (Texas, USA).
    Anti-GAPDH
    suggested: (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Cat# sc-25778, RRID:AB_10167668)
    Anti-Flag antibody (Cat no. A190-101) was from Bethyl laboratory (Texas, USA).
    Anti-Flag
    suggested: None
    3-MA (Cat no. M9281) and Anti-HA antibody (Cat no. A190-101) was from Sigma (Missouri, USA)
    Anti-HA
    suggested: None
    At each time point, whole cell extract was prepared in 2X laemmli buffer and equal amount of protein was resolved by 10% SDS-PAGE, followed by western blot using anti-Biotin antibody (Fig 1E).
    anti-Biotin
    suggested: None
    Both input and pull down samples were resolved by SDS-PAGE, followed by western blot using anti-CUGBP1 and GAPDH antibodies.
    anti-CUGBP1
    suggested: None
    Goat anti-rabbit IgG HRP conjugated secondary antibody was used to detect the protein bands by chemiluminescence (Clarity ECL substrate, Cat no.170-5061, Biorad, California, USA).
    anti-rabbit IgG
    suggested: None
    In brief, Huh7 and Vero E6 cells were fixed with 4% Paraformaldehyde for 10 min at room temp, followed by incubation in blocking buffer (4% BSA in PBS) for 1 hour at room temp and incubation with Lamp2 and LC3b antibodies (1:50 and 1:50 dilution, respectively) in antibody dilution buffer (3% BSA in PBS+0.1% Tween-20) for 16 hours, at 4°C.
    LC3b
    suggested: None
    Coverslips were washed three times in PBS, followed by incubation with 1:500 dilution of goat anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 488 and 1:500 dilution of goat anti-mouse Alexa Fluor 647 antibodies (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Massachusetts, USA) in antibody dilution buffer at room temp for 1 hour.
    anti-rabbit
    suggested: None
    anti-mouse
    suggested: None
    Experimental Models: Cell Lines
    SentencesResources
    Mammalian cell culture and transfection: Vero E6 and HEK 293T cells were obtained from ATCC (Virginia, USA)
    Vero E6
    suggested: None
    For experiments involving siRNA mediated gene silencing, Huh7 or Vero E6 cells were seeded at 70-80% confluency on 12 well TC dishes and incubated overnight at 37°C, 5% CO2.
    Huh7
    suggested: None
    Production of 5’-300 and 3’-203 RNA from the pRMB constructs was verified by transfection of pRMB 5’-300 and pRMB 3’-203 plasmids along with pRMB vector into HEK293T cells followed by RT-PCR detection of the 5’-300 and 3’-203 RNA using above-mentioned primer pairs.
    HEK293T
    suggested: None
    For SARS-CoV-2 infection studies, 200 µl of stock virus was diluted in serum free media to 2000 TCID50/ml and added to Vero E6/ Huh7 cell monolayer (seeded in 24 well plate) for 1 hour at 37°C, supplemented with 5% CO2.
    Vero E6/
    suggested: RRID:CVCL_YZ66)
    Recombinant DNA
    SentencesResources
    (Addgene plasmid # 107253; http://n2t.net/addgene:107253; RRID:Addgene_107253)],
    detected: RRID:Addgene_107253)
    BASU RaPID plasmid (Addgene plasmid # 107250; http://n2t.net/addgene:107250; RRID:Addgene_107250)
    detected: RRID:Addgene_107250)
    Addgene plasmid # 107252; http://n2t.net/addgene:107252; RRID:Addgene_107252) were gifted by Paul Khavari.
    detected: RRID:Addgene_107252)
    pCDNA Lamp2b was a gift from Joshua Leonard (Addgene plasmid # 71292; http://n2t.net/addgene:71292; RRID:Addgene_71292) and pCDNA lamp2c was a gift from Janice Blum (Addgene plasmid # 89342; http://n2t.net/addgene:89342; RRID:Addgene_89342).
    detected: RRID:Addgene_71292)
    detected: RRID:Addgene_89342)
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    The virus-host RPPI dataset was visualized using Cytoscape (version 3.1.0) (24)
    Cytoscape
    suggested: (Cytoscape, RRID:SCR_003032)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


    Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


    Results from JetFighter: Please consider improving the rainbow (“jet”) colormap(s) used on page 39. At least one figure is not accessible to readers with colorblindness and/or is not true to the data, i.e. not perceptually uniform.


    Results from rtransparent:
    • No conflict of interest statement was detected. If there are no conflicts, we encourage authors to explicit state so.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

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