Effective Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Entry by Heparin and Enoxaparin Derivatives

  1. Ritesh Tandon
  2. Joshua S. Sharp
  3. Fuming Zhang
  4. Vitor H. Pomin
  5. Nicole M. Ashpole
  6. Dipanwita Mitra
  7. Martin G. McCandless
  8. Weihua Jin
  9. Hao Liu
  10. Poonam Sharma
  11. Robert J. Linhardt

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Abstract

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, in late 2019 and its subsequent spread to the rest of the world has created a pandemic situation unprecedented in modern history. While ACE2 has been identified as the viral receptor, cellular polysaccharides have also been implicated in virus entry.

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  1. Version published to 10.1128/jvi.01987-20
  2. Version published to 10.1101/2020.06.08.140236v2 on bioRxiv
  3. ScreenIT

    SciScore for 10.1101/2020.06.08.140236: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    Institutional Review Board Statementnot detected.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    BlindingThe total number of cells per well was counted using the Object Count feature in Nikon Elements AR Analysis version 5.02 by a blinded observer.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.
    Cell Line Authenticationnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Experimental Models: Cell Lines
    SentencesResources
    HEK293T cells (2 × 106) were plated in a 100-mm tissue culture dish and transfected the next day when they were about 75% confluent with a combination of the following plasmids: 9 µg of pLV-eGFP (a gift from Pantelis Tsoulfas (Addgene plasmid # 36083; http://n2t.net/addgene:36083; RRID:Addgene_36083), 9 µg of psPAX2 (a gift from Didier Trono (Addgene plasmid # 12260 ; http://n2t.net/addgene:12260; RRID:Addgene_12260), and 3 µg of pCAGGS-S (SARS-CoV-2)(Catalog No. NR-52310: BEI Resources) or VSV-G (a gift from Tannishtha Reya (Addgene plasmid # 14888; http://n2t.net/addgene:14888; RRID:Addgene_14888) as control.
    HEK293T
    suggested: None
    Recombinant DNA
    SentencesResources
    HEK293T cells (2 × 106) were plated in a 100-mm tissue culture dish and transfected the next day when they were about 75% confluent with a combination of the following plasmids: 9 µg of pLV-eGFP (a gift from Pantelis Tsoulfas (Addgene plasmid # 36083; http://n2t.net/addgene:36083; RRID:Addgene_36083), 9 µg of psPAX2 (a gift from Didier Trono (Addgene plasmid # 12260 ; http://n2t.net/addgene:12260; RRID:Addgene_12260), and 3 µg of pCAGGS-S (SARS-CoV-2)(Catalog No. NR-52310: BEI Resources) or VSV-G (a gift from Tannishtha Reya (Addgene plasmid # 14888; http://n2t.net/addgene:14888; RRID:Addgene_14888) as control.
    detected: RRID:Addgene_36083)
    detected: RRID:Addgene_12260)
    detected: RRID:Addgene_14888)
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    Data was analyzed in Prism 8 (Graphpad Inc).
    Graphpad
    suggested: (GraphPad, RRID:SCR_000306)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

    Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

    Results from Barzooka: We found bar graphs of continuous data. We recommend replacing bar graphs with more informative graphics, as many different datasets can lead to the same bar graph. The actual data may suggest different conclusions from the summary statistics. For more information, please see Weissgerber et al (2015).

    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

  4. Version published to 10.1101/2020.06.08.140236v1 on bioRxiv