Type I Interferon Susceptibility Distinguishes SARS-CoV-2 from SARS-CoV

Abstract

With the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19, differences between SARS-CoV-2 and the original SARS-CoV could be leveraged to inform disease progression and eventual treatment options. In addition, these findings could have key implications for animal model development as well as further research into how SARS-CoV-2 modulates the type I IFN response early during infection.

SciScore for 10.1101/2020.03.07.982264: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Institutional Review Board Statement	not detected.
Randomization	No blinding was used in any sample collections, nor were samples randomized.
Blinding	not detected.
Power Analysis	not detected.
Sex as a biological variable	not detected.
Cell Line Authentication	not detected.

Table 2: Resources

Antibodies
Sentences	Resources
The membranes were blocked for 1 h at room temperature with 5% skim milk and then incubated overnight at 4°C with appropriate primary antibody dilution: anti-STAT1 (1:1000, Cell Signaling), anti-pSTAT1 (1:1000, Cell Signaling) or anti-beta actin (1:5000, Invitrogen).	anti-STAT1 suggested: None anti-pSTAT1 suggested: (Fluidigm Cat# 3153003A, RRID:AB_2811248) anti-beta actin suggested: None
Then, the …

SciScore for 10.1101/2020.03.07.982264: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Institutional Review Board Statement	not detected.
Randomization	No blinding was used in any sample collections, nor were samples randomized.
Blinding	not detected.
Power Analysis	not detected.
Sex as a biological variable	not detected.
Cell Line Authentication	not detected.

Table 2: Resources

Antibodies
Sentences	Resources
The membranes were blocked for 1 h at room temperature with 5% skim milk and then incubated overnight at 4°C with appropriate primary antibody dilution: anti-STAT1 (1:1000, Cell Signaling), anti-pSTAT1 (1:1000, Cell Signaling) or anti-beta actin (1:5000, Invitrogen).	anti-STAT1 suggested: None anti-pSTAT1 suggested: (Fluidigm Cat# 3153003A, RRID:AB_2811248) anti-beta actin suggested: None
Then, the membranes were incubated with the recommended dilution of HRP-conjugated secondary antibody (goat anti-rabbit IgG HRP 1:10000, Invitrogen; goat anti-mouse IgG HRP 1:10000, Invitrogen) at room temperature for 1 h.	anti-rabbit IgG suggested: None anti-mouse IgG suggested: (LSBio (LifeSpan Cat# LS-C149336-10000, RRID:AB_11143677)
Following overnight incubation, membranes were probed with the following secondary antibodies in 5% (w/v) non-fat dry milk in TBST for 1 hr at room temperature: anti-rabbit or anti-mouse IgG-HRP conjugated antibody from sheep (both 1:10,000 GE Healthcare).	anti-rabbit suggested: None anti-mouse IgG-HRP suggested: None
The following primary antibodies were used: anti-pSTAT1 (Y701) (1:1000 9171L Cell Signaling Technologies), anti-STAT1 D1K9Y (1:1000 14994P Cell Signaling Technologies), anti-IFITM1 (1:1000 PA5-20989 Invitrogen), anti-SARS-CoV/CoV-2 Spike 1A9 (1:1000 GTX632604 GeneTex), and anti-β-Actin (1:1000 ab8227 Abcam).	anti-pSTAT1 (Y701) suggested: None anti-STAT1 D1K9Y suggested: (Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 14994, RRID:AB_2737027) anti-IFITM1 suggested: (LSBio (LifeSpan Cat# LS-C122003-100, RRID:AB_10799885) anti-SARS-CoV/CoV-2 Spike 1A9 suggested: None anti-β-Actin suggested: None
Experimental Models: Cell Lines
Sentences	Resources
Calu3 2B4 cells were grown in DMEM with 10% defined fetal bovine serum, 1% sodium pyruvate (Gibco), and 1% antibiotic/antimitotic (Gibco).	Calu3 2B4 suggested: RRID:CVCL_YZ47)
Infection and type I IFN pre- and post-treatment: Viral replication studes in Vero E6 and Calu3 2B4 cells were performed as previously described (37, 54).	Vero E6 suggested: None
Software and Algorithms
Sentences	Resources
Phylogenetic Tree and Sequence Identity Heat Map: Heat maps were constructed from a set of representative group 2B coronaviruses by using alignment data paired with neighbor-joining phylogenetic trees built in Geneious (v.9.1.5).	Geneious suggested: (Geneious, RRID:SCR_010519)

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

Results from rtransparent:

Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
No protocol registration statement was detected.

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Type I Interferon Susceptibility Distinguishes SARS-CoV-2 from SARS-CoV

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