Remdesivir and GS-441524 Retain Antiviral Activity against Delta, Omicron, and Other Emergent SARS-CoV-2 Variants

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Abstract

Genetic variation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in the emergence and rapid spread of multiple variants throughout the pandemic, of which Omicron is currently the predominant variant circulating worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern/variants of interest (VOC/VOI) have evidence of increased viral transmission, disease severity, or decreased effectiveness of vaccines and neutralizing antibodies.

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  1. SciScore for 10.1101/2022.02.09.479840: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    Ethicsnot detected.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Cell Line Authenticationnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Antibodies
    SentencesResources
    The blocking buffer was then aspirated and 50 μL of a 1:4000 dilution of rabbit anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) antibody (MA536086, Invitrogen) in blocking buffer was added and incubated for 2 h at 37°C.
    anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N
    suggested: None
    MA536086
    suggested: (Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# MA5-36086, RRID:AB_2866697)
    Experimental Models: Cell Lines
    SentencesResources
    A549-ACE2 cells that stably express human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) were established and provided by the University of Texas Medical Branch (46).
    A549-ACE2
    suggested: None
    All viruses were propagated 1-2 times in Vero-TMPRSS2 cells as follows.
    Vero-TMPRSS2
    suggested: JCRB Cat# JCRB1818, RRID:CVCL_YQ48)
    Nucleoprotein ELISA: 3×104 A549-ACE2-TMPRSS2 cells in 100 μL DMEM (supplemented with 10% FBS and 1X penicillin/streptomycin) were seeded into each well of a 96-well plate and incubated overnight.
    A549-ACE2-TMPRSS2
    suggested: None
    Antiviral activity assessment from recombinant luciferase containing viruses: For Nluc readouts, 1.2×104 A549-hACE2 cells per well were suspended in 50 μL infection medium and seeded into a white clear-bottom 96-well plate (Corning) and incubated overnight at 37°C with 5% CO2.
    A549-hACE2
    suggested: RRID:CVCL_A5KB)
    Recombinant DNA
    SentencesResources
    Site-directed mutagenesis and recombinant virus rescue: To produce recombinant SARS-CoV-2 virus, we utilized a SARS-CoV-2 reverse genetics system previously described (24, 49) that was slightly modified by fusing plasmids F1-F3 single plasmid making it a 3-plasmid reverse genetics system producing infectious virus containing either Nano luciferase (Nluc) or the Firefly luciferase (Fluc) transgene.
    F1-F3
    suggested: RRID:Addgene_87224)
    Desired substitutions in nsp12 of the SARS-CoV-2 genome were added to the nsp12 containing F4 plasmid using the Quick-Change PCR protocol using Platinum SuperFI II PCR master-mix (ThermoFisher Scientific cat. No. 12361010) following manufacturer’s protocols.
    F4
    suggested: None
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    EC50 values were determined using GraphPad Prism 8.1.2 using non-linear regression curve fits.
    GraphPad Prism
    suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


    Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


    Results from rtransparent:
    • No conflict of interest statement was detected. If there are no conflicts, we encourage authors to explicit state so.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.


    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.