A universal bacteriophage T4 nanoparticle platform to design multiplex SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates by CRISPR engineering

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Abstract

A CRISPR-engineered bacteriophage T4-COVID vaccine delivers multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigens for potential broader protection.

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  1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.01.19.427310: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    Institutional Review Board StatementIACUC: All mouse experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Catholic University of America (Washington, DC) (Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare assurance number A4431-01) and the University of Texas Medical Branch (Galveston, TX) (Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare assurance number A3314-01).
    RandomizationSix- to eight-week-old female BALB/c mice (The Jackson Laboratory) were randomly grouped (5 mice per group) and allowed to acclimate for 14 days.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Sex as a biological variableSix- to eight-week-old female BALB/c mice (The Jackson Laboratory) were randomly grouped (5 mice per group) and allowed to acclimate for 14 days.
    Cell Line Authenticationnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Antibodies
    SentencesResources
    Anti-NP or anti-RBD primary antibodies were added to the blots and incubated overnight at 4°C in PBS-5% BSA, followed by five times rinsing in PBST buffer [1×PBS (pH 7.4) and 0.05% Tween 20].
    Anti-NP
    suggested: None
    anti-RBD
    suggested: None
    Goat-anti-mouse or goat-anti-rabbit HRP-conjugated antibody (Thermo Fisher) was applied at a 1:5000 dilution in 5% BSA-PBST for 1 hr at RT with gentle shaking.
    Goat-anti-mouse
    suggested: (Electron Microscopy Sciences Cat# 815.022, RRID:AB_2629849)
    HRP-conjugated antibody
    suggested: None
    After rinsing five times in PBST for 5 min each, Alexa488- or Rhodamine-conjugated goat anti-human secondary antibody was added (1/500 dilution) (Thermo Fisher), and incubated for 2~3 hr at room temperature in the dark.
    anti-human secondary
    suggested: None
    After washing five times with PBST (PBS + 0.05% Tween-20), the secondary antibody was added at 1:10,000 dilution in PBS–1% BSA buffer (100 μl per well) using either goat-anti-mouse IgG-HRP, goat-anti-mouse IgG1-HRP, goat-anti-mouse IgG2a-HRP (Thermo Fisher), or goat-anti-rabbit IgG-HRP (Abcam).
    IgG-HRP
    suggested: None
    IgG1-HRP
    suggested: None
    IgG2a-HRP
    suggested: None
    IgG-HRP ( Abcam) .
    suggested: None
    Neutralizing antibody titers (expressed as IC50 or IC90) were obtained from four-parameter logistic curve-fits of cell death profiles using OriginPro 9 (Origin Lab Corp., Northampton, MA).
    IC90
    suggested: None
    Experimental Models: Cell Lines
    SentencesResources
    The T4-SpyCatcher-GFP or T4-S trimer-GFP phages were resuspended in Opti-MEM medium (Thermo Fisher) and then added to ACE2-transfected HEK293T cells.
    HEK293T
    suggested: NCBI_Iran Cat# C498, RRID:CVCL_0063)
    After incubation under BSL-3 conditions, 100 μl of the mixtures in individual wells were transferred to Vero E6 cell monolayer grown in 96-well microtiter plates that containing 100 μl of MEM/2%FCS medium in each well and were cultured for 72 h at 37°C before assessing the presence or absence of cytopathic effect (CPE)
    Vero E6
    suggested: None
    After preincubating the plates for 1 hr, 20 μl of Vero cells (106/ml), containing 50 μg/mL of propidium iodide (PI), was added to all wells using the liquid handler.
    Vero
    suggested: None
    Experimental Models: Organisms/Strains
    SentencesResources
    Six- to eight-week-old female BALB/c mice (The Jackson Laboratory) were randomly grouped (5 mice per group) and allowed to acclimate for 14 days.
    BALB/c
    suggested: None
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    After Coomassie Blue R-250 (Bio-Rad, CA) staining and destaining, the protein bands on SDS-PAGE gels were scanned and quantified by ChemiDoc MP imaging system (BioRad) and image J.
    image J
    suggested: (ImageJ, RRID:SCR_003070)
    Neutralizing antibody titers (expressed as IC50 or IC90) were obtained from four-parameter logistic curve-fits of cell death profiles using OriginPro 9 (Origin Lab Corp., Northampton, MA).
    OriginPro
    suggested: None

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


    Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


    Results from Barzooka: We found bar graphs of continuous data. We recommend replacing bar graphs with more informative graphics, as many different datasets can lead to the same bar graph. The actual data may suggest different conclusions from the summary statistics. For more information, please see Weissgerber et al (2015).


    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.