Distinct inflammatory profiles distinguish COVID-19 from influenza with limited contributions from cytokine storm

  1. Philip A. Mudd
  2. Jeremy Chase Crawford
  3. Jackson S. Turner
  4. Aisha Souquette
  5. Daniel Reynolds
  6. Diane Bender
  7. James P. Bosanquet
  8. Nitin J. Anand
  9. David A. Striker
  10. R. Scott Martin
  11. Adrianus C. M. Boon
  12. Stacey L. House
  13. Kenneth E. Remy
  14. Richard S. Hotchkiss
  15. Rachel M. Presti
  16. Jane A. O’Halloran
  17. William G. Powderly
  18. Paul G. Thomas
  19. Ali H. Ellebedy

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Abstract

Immunologic evaluation shows that most COVID-19 patients exhibit targeted immunosuppression compared to patients with influenza.

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  1. Version published to 10.1126/sciadv.abe3024
  2. ScreenIT

    SciScore for 10.1101/2020.05.28.20115667: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    Institutional Review Board StatementIRB: The portions of the study relevant to each institution were reviewed and approved by the Washington University in Saint Louis Institutional Review Board (WU-350 study approval # 202003085) and the Missouri Baptist Medical Center Institutional Review Board (Approval # 1132).
    RandomizationProcessed libraries were subsequently aggregated using CellRanger, randomly subsampling mapped reads to equalize sequencing depth across cells.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Antibodies
    SentencesResources
    Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), prepared using ficoll separation, were analyzed using a panel of antibodies directed against the following antigens: CD8 BV421 (clone RPA-T8), CD20 Pacific Blue (clone 2H7), CD16 BV570 (clone 3G8), HLA-DR BV605 (clone L243), IgD SuperBright 702 (clone IA6-2), CD19 BV750 (clone HIB19), CD45 Alexa Fluor 532 (clone HI30), CD71 PE (clone CY1G4), CD38 PE-Cy7 (clone HIT2), CD14 APC (clone M5E2), CD4 Spark 685 (clone SK3), and CD3 Alexa 700 (clone UCHT1).
    CD20
    suggested: (BioLegend Cat# 348805, RRID:AB_2889063)
    CD16
    suggested: (BD Biosciences Cat# 557939, RRID:AB_2802162)
    BV605
    suggested: (BioLegend Cat# 307639, RRID:AB_11219187)
    CD19
    suggested: (Agilent Cat# TC67401, RRID:AB_579635)
    CD45
    suggested: (Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# MHCD4530TR, RRID:AB_2539749)
    CD38
    suggested: (BioLegend Cat# 303551, RRID:AB_2888790)
    CD14 APC
    suggested: (BD Biosciences Cat# 555399, RRID:AB_398596)
    CD4
    suggested: (BioLegend Cat# 344658, RRID:AB_2819981)
    CD3
    suggested: None
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    Samples were run on a Cytek Aurora spectral flow cytometer using SpectroFlo software (Cytek) and unmixed before final analysis was completed using FlowJo software (BD Biosciences).
    FlowJo
    suggested: (FlowJo, RRID:SCR_008520)
    Single cell gene expression sequences have been uploaded to the NCBI Short Read Archive under BioProject ID PRJNA630932.
    NCBI Short Read Archive
    suggested: None
    BioProject
    suggested: (NCBI BioProject, RRID:SCR_004801)
    Figures were produced using CytoMod.
    CytoMod
    suggested: None

    Results from OddPub: Thank you for sharing your data.

    Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

  3. Version published to 10.1101/2020.05.28.20115667 on medRxiv