bigrig: A range simulator for the DEC[+J] model

Quality software tools for science are, as a necessity, rigorously tested and verified. However, there is a major challenge to testing software used for phylogenetics and similar analysis. There is a shortage of ground truth data which can be used for validation, resulting in a reliance on simulated data. This reliance on simulated data results in a second challenge: the verification of the tool which generates the simulated data. In historical biogeography, software which simulated data has exclusively been implemented on an ad-hoc basis to verify specific tools. Here, we introduce bigrig , a simulator for the DEC[+J] model of range evolution. We show that bigrig is correct with extremely rigorous statistical testing and validation, ensuring that results deviate by no more than 0.0001 with 99.999% confidence. We also show that bigrig is extremely fast, capable of generating data for trees with tens of thousands of tips in under a second.