A cold-water coral garden with co-occurring Antipathella subpinnata and Dendrophyllia cornigera in the mesophotic zone of the northern Bay of Biscay

Large aggregations of cold-water corals (CWC), often termed CWC gardens, are considered as biodiversity hotspots and recognized as vulnerable marine ecosystems. Their three-dimensional structure creates important habitat complexity, providing refuge, nursery and feeding areas for many deep-water species. Their vulnerability and limited current knowledge highlight the importance of describing the distribution and habitats of these gardens. Using remotely operated vehicles (ROV), we describe an unprecedented large aggregation of the co-occurring black ( Antipathella subpinnata ) and yellow ( Dendrophyllia cornigera ) coral gardens in the mesophotic in the northern Bay of Biscay. These distributions acknowledged their latitudinal and bathymetric distributions, in particular for A. subpinnata . Black and yellow corals presented mean densities of 2.0 ± 1.8 colonies.10 m ^-2 and 1.5 ± 1.3 colonies.10 m ^-2 , respectively. Following the complex topography of this area, they were mostly fixed on hard substrates, particularly in narrow crests close to or surrounded by sand or mud planes. These findings are essential to develop appropriate local spatial management plans, ultimately contributing to the conservation of these vulnerable ecosystems.