PRC2 Restricts Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumorigenesis in a Genetically Engineered Mouse Model of MPNST

Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), which normally regulates transcriptional silencing, chromatin compaction, and stem cell biology, has both oncogenic and tumor suppressor roles in cancer development depending on tumor type. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), characterized by NF1, CDKN2A and PRC2 loss, is an aggressive subtype of sarcoma with poor prognosis and no effective therapy. In high-grade human MPNSTs, inactivating mutations in PRC2 core components SUZ12 or EED are prevalent and contributes to oncogenic transformation and progression of MPNST. How PRC2 inactivation contributes to MPNST pathogenesis, however, remains incompletely understood. Here we show that genetic inactivation of Eed in addition to Nf1 and Cdkn2a in the Schwann-progenitor lineage leads to widespread tumorigenesis within the sciatic nerve compartment of mice. In contrast, loss of Nf1 and Cdkn2a is insufficient to drive tumorigenesis in the sciatic nerve but leads to MPNST development in other anatomic locations with a longer latency. Single-nucleus multiome sequencing of the sciatic nerves revealed that PRC2-loss reprograms Nf1 / Cdkn2a -deficient Schwann-lineage cells toward a dedifferentiated, neural crest stem cell-like state that resembles the transcriptomic signatures of human PRC2-loss MPNST. Together, these findings suggest a context-dependent tumor suppressive role for PRC2 within the sciatic nerve and establish a novel mouse model that recapitulates human PRC2-loss MPNST.