Vitamin D and Central Blood Pressure: U-Shaped Risk and Copper Mediation
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Background
Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in cardiovascular risk, but its association with central blood pressure (cBP) and incident of hypertension in young Taiwanese adults remains unclear.
Methods
We analyzed 1,034 participants (mean age 33.45 years; 41.90% male) in the New YOTA cohort (2017–2019). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured, with deficiency defined as <20 ng/mL. Associations of 25(OH)D with cBP were examined using multivariable regression.. Restricted cubic splines modeled the non-linear risk of hypertension. Structural equation modeling (SEM) assessed copper as a mediator.
Results
Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 54.1% of participants. Lower 25(OH)D was independently associated with higher central systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure. A U-shaped with hypertension risk was observed, with the lowest risk at 20.1 ng/mL. Copper partially mediated the inverse relationship between 25(OH)D and cBP.
Conclusion
In young Taiwanese adults, vitamin D deficiency was linked to higher cBP and a U-shaped relationship with hypertension risk. Copper partially mediate this association. Maintaining adequate vitamin D levels may be important for supporting blood pressure regulation in early adulthood.
