Investigation of autistic traits in university students and the intervention effects of Tai Chi practice: a non-randomized controlled trial

Background: Autistic traits in the general population are linked to emotional regulation difficulties and aggression, affecting psychological adaptation. Tai Chi, a mind–body exercise, may improve psychological well-being. Methods: This study adopted a mixed-methods approach combining questionnaire surveys and experimental intervention. In Study 1, the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) was used to assess the current status of autistic traits among university students. In Study 2, a group of university students with high levels of autistic traits participated in an 8-week Tai Chi intervention. Changes in autistic traits, emotional regulation self-efficacy (ERSE), and aggressive behavior (Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire, RPQ) were measured before and after the intervention. Results: The results indicated that overall autistic traits among university students were at a moderate level. Males scored significantly higher than females on the AQ total score and on the dimensions of communication and imagination. Following the Tai Chi intervention, participants showed a significant reduction in overall AQ scores, particularly in attention switching and attention to detail. Conclusion: Tai Chi training demonstrates positive effects on emotional regulation and behavioral control among university students with autistic traits. Future research should further explore the underlying mechanisms and broader applicability of such interventions.