TAFFISH: A lightweight, modular, and containerized workflow framework for reproducible bioinformatics analyses

Bioinformatics workflows often involve multiple tools and steps, with complex dependencies and environment-specific differences, making results difficult to reproduce across different systems. TAFFISH introduces a moderately engineered framework positioned between raw shell scripts and heavyweight workflow systems. It encapsulates each analysis tool, together with its fixed runtime environment and software version, into a modular, “Lego-like” component. It employs a lightweight, shell-native domain-specific language (DSL) to balance standardized environments with flexible workflow design. Each module in TAFFISH consists of a container image hosted on GitHub Packages and a corresponding script, and the system automatically pulls and runs the appropriate container when invoked through a unified interface. This design ensures a consistent interface, environment, and analysis results across Linux, macOS, and Windows (via WSL), significantly reducing cross-platform configuration overhead. We have developed a library of standardized modules for more than 60 widely used bioinformatics tools in the TAFFISH-Hub repository. As a demonstration, we applied a BLAST-based analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana P450 protein sequences and executed the same workflow on four different hardware/OS environments, obtaining identical results in all cases. This confirms that TAFFISH achieves high portability and reproducibility while preserving the flexibility of shell scripting. TAFFISH establishes a novel paradigm for constructing reusable, modular bioinformatics workflows, serving as an essential bridge between ad-hoc shell scripts and complex workflow frameworks, and enabling researchers to rapidly build and share reproducible analysis pipelines.