Mixed fertilization strategies but not mono fertilization enhances the net primary productivity and quality of chili ( Capsicum frutescens )

While the effects of different fertilization strategies on chili ( Capsicum frutescens ) cultivation have been extensively studied, the comparative assessment of mixed versus mono fertilization approaches remains still under the shadow. To address this gap, we have conducted an experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) with five fertilization treatments along with four replications of each treatment (e.g., Leucaena leucocephala leaf litter and recommended dose of fertilizers (RFD)) to observed the effect of these treatments on plant productivity traits, NPP (net primary productivity), quality and overall yield of chili. Our results revealed that the mixed fertilization treatment (T₄: 100 g kg- ¹ L . leucocephala + ½ RFD) produced the highest yield (15.50 t ha⁻¹), a 63.9% increase over the control. We also found that plant height (73.75 cm), number of leaves (1000.25 plant ^-1 ), number of fruits (93.00 plant ^-1 ) were higher at 60 DAT (days after transplanting) however, number of flowering (44.50 plant ^-1 ) at 45 DAT. Similarly, Above- and belowground NPP (26.47 g plant ^-1 ), vitamin C (124.65 mg 100 g⁻¹ ), capsaicin content (1.22 %) and SPAD chlorophyll index (48.61) were higher in T ₄ treatment compared to T ₀ treatment. Furthermore, regression results showed that ANPP and yield significantly increased with increase the number of leaves (ANPP: R² = 0.51, p = 0.02; Yield: R² = 0.34, p = 0.002) and number of flowering (ANPP: R² = 0.41, p = 0.014; Yield: R² = 0.42, p = 0.037) as well. Our results suggest that mixed fertilization enhances both productivity and quality traits in chili. Therefore, promotion of integrated (organic and inorganic together) nutrient management practices is recommended to improve yield and quality of chili.