Pathology-Specific Modulation of Corticostriatal Circuitry by Chronic Alcohol Consumption in Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Models
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Chronic alcohol use is a major modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), yet the mechanisms by which it modulates AD pathophysiology remain unclear. Here, we examined circuit-level and pathological changes in two distinct AD mouse models, humanized Aβ knock-in (hAPP-KI) (Aβ-driven) and PS19 (tau-driven), subjected to a chronic intermittent alcohol exposure paradigm. In hAPP-KI mice, alcohol increased Aβ accumulation and excitatory transmission in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) while reducing corticostriatal transmission and striatal cholinergic output. These alterations were accompanied by enhanced recruitment of microglia around Aβ plaques. In contrast, alcohol-exposed PS19 mice displayed elevated mPFC-to-dorsomedial striatum (DMS) glutamatergic transmission and increased tau phosphorylation without significant changes in microglial activation or local mPFC excitatory drive. In wild-type mice, microglial depletion enhanced glutamatergic transmission onto cortical neurons, suggesting a homeostatic role for microglia in maintaining excitatory balance. Together, these findings reveal pathology-specific effects of alcohol on circuit dysfunction and propose microglia as an important modulator of alcohol-induced synaptic remodeling in the early stage of AD.
Highlights
Chronic alcohol exposure modulates glutamatergic transmission and neuroimmune responses in pathology-specific manners across Aβ- and tau-driven Alzheimer’s disease mouse models.
In hAPP-KI mice, alcohol increases mPFC excitatory input, Aβ plaque burden, and microglial activation, while impairing corticostriatal transmission and striatal cholinergic signaling.
In PS19 mice, alcohol enhances mPFC-to-striatum excitatory transmission and tau phosphorylation without altering local microglial activation or mPFC excitability.
Microglial depletion in wild-type mice recapitulates alcohol-induced glutamatergic changes in hAPP-KI mice, revealing a homeostatic role for microglia in regulating cortical excitatory balance.
