Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of para-veterinary workers about ticks and tick-borne diseases in three provinces of Pakistan

There is a high prevalence of tick infestation in Pakistani livestock, affecting more than 45% of the population of more than 200 million small and large ruminants. Most livestock farmers seek assistance from para-veterinary workers, who fall under the definition of Veterinary Paraprofessionals (VPPs), according to the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH). There is a shortage of information concerning the awareness of these para-veterinary workers regarding tick control and management. This study aims to bridge this critical knowledge gap by conducting a cross-sectional survey that evaluates the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of para-veterinary workers about tick-borne diseases (TBDs) in Pakistan. Between March and August 2023, we conducted a web-based survey among para-veterinary workers recruited via email, text message, and face-to-face conversations. Poisson regression was used to identify factors associated with knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) scores related to TBDs. We received 118 responses from three provinces; only 27.9% ( n = 33) responded that they had attended workshops related to ticks and TBDs. Attending workshops was associated with higher KAP scores. All section scores were correlated, and higher knowledge scores were significantly associated with lower odds of tick exposure. Our findings suggest that workshop attendance is important in increasing overall awareness and promoting better practices regarding TBDs.