O -mannose glycosylations influence E-cadherin functional interactions

Cadherins are plasma membrane proteins that play critical roles in maintaining cell-cell adhesion and modulating cell signaling during development. Their functions are mediated by extracellular cadherin (EC) domains, which facilitate adhesive interactions and enable the formation of cis- and trans assemblies at adherens junctions and desmosomes. EC domains adopt a characteristic immunoglobulin-like fold composed of seven β -strands (A-G) and are modified by N -linked and O -linked glycosylations, including O -linked mannose monosaccharides ( O -Man) on conserved serine and threonine residues of B- and G-strands. O -Man glycosylations on EC domains are catalyzed by the TMTC1-4 enzymes, with different TMTC enzymes modifying B- or G-strands. Given the site-specific deposition of O -Man glycans by dedicated enzymes and the central role of EC domains in cadherins’ functions, we hypothesized that these PTMs may fine-tune cellular adhesion and otherwise contribute to diverse physical interactions that involve cadherins. To test these hypotheses, we assayed for changes in protein-protein interactions formed with epithelial (E)-cadherin in model cells where O -Man were genetically ablated. Herein, we report O -Man-dependent E-cadherin (CDH1) protein interactions, revealed by affinity proteomics, and we orthogonally validate an altered association between CDH1 and CDH3 (P-cadherin). We show different interactomic changes associated with O -Man ablation on B- vs. G-strands, highlighting the importance of these PTMs in CDH1-associated interaction. These findings provide new insights into how O -Man regulates CDH1-dependent protein complexes.